Sigmund Freud
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis. Developed theories of the unconscious, defense mechanisms, and dream interpretation.
Books
- The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
Foundational psychoanalytic work where Freud presents his theory of dreams as fulfillment of unconscious wishes and introduces the concept of dream-work.
- Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)
Freud introduces the concept of the death drive (Thanatos) alongside the life drive (Eros), reformulating his drive theory.
- The Ego and the Id (1923)
Freud presents the structural model of the mind with three agencies: the id, the ego, and the superego.
- Totem and Taboo (1913)
Freud applies psychoanalysis to anthropology, exploring the origins of religion, morality, and society through the primordial Oedipus complex.
- Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)
Freud examines the irresolvable conflict between individual drives and the demands of civilization, arguing that culture requires repression.