Dweck: growth mindset

Carol Dweck formalizes mindset theory: people with a growth mindset see abilities as developable, improving learning and resilience.

Behavioral economics has shown that human decisions are systematically influenced by cognitive biases, emotions, and the context in which options are presented. This understanding has had enormous practical applications: from designing retirement plans to public health campaigns, tax policy, and clinical interventions.

The first decade of the 21st century was a period of rapid advances in neuroscience, genetics, and behavioral economics. Functional neuroimaging allowed us to see the brain in action, while complete genomes opened the era of genetic research in psychology.

Significance: This milestone significantly contributed to the development of psychology as a science and profession, influencing research, clinical practice, or public policy.